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Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Preparation of Silicon Nanowire Field-effect Transistor for Chemical and Biosensing Applications
11:25

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Published on: April 21, 2016

Chemical sensing with nanowires.

Reginald M Penner1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA. rmpenner@uci.edu

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in nanowire sensors show significant improvements in detecting DNA, cancer markers, and gases. Innovations in fabrication and receptor integration enhance sensitivity and performance for chemical and biological sensing applications.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Nanowire-based sensors have seen rapid performance improvements.
  • Advances stem from better understanding of transduction mechanisms, fabrication, and receptor integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent transformational advances in nanowire-based chemical and biosensors.
  • To highlight key developments in the past three years.

Main Methods:

  • Improved nanowire fabrication techniques.
  • Enhanced methods for incorporating receptors onto nanowires.
  • Surface modification of silicon nanowires to eliminate passivating oxide layers.

Main Results:

  • Detection of DNA in undiluted physiological saline.

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  • High sensitivity nucleic acid detection using silicon nanowires and protein nucleic acids.
  • Detection of peptide and protein cancer markers in blood plasma and whole blood at physiologically relevant concentrations.
  • Detection of gases at the parts-per-million level by chemical sensors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nanowire sensors demonstrate remarkable progress in sensitivity and detection capabilities.
    • These advancements pave the way for improved diagnostics and environmental monitoring.