Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Critical period plasticity enables credit assignment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same authorSame journal

Atypical Cadherin Fat2 is Involved in Axogenesis of Cerebellar Granule Cells in Zebrafish.

Development, growth & differentiation·2026
Same author

Incidence of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same authorSame journal

Sbno1 and Usp8 Cooperate to Enhance Notch Signaling in Regulating Neural Stem Cells.

Development, growth & differentiation·2026
Same author

The cerebellum implements structured representation of valence to support adaptive behavior control.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Development of venus-fused Cypridina luciferase (VCL) and specific nanobody-tethering assay to model kleptoprotein uptake.

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Modeling Human Cerebellar Development In Vitro in 2D Structure
06:14

Modeling Human Cerebellar Development In Vitro in 2D Structure

Published on: September 16, 2022

Development and evolution of cerebellar neural circuits.

Mitsuhiro Hashimoto1, Masahiko Hibi

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan. mhashimoto@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The cerebellum

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The cerebellum is crucial for motor control, cognition, and emotion.
  • It comprises glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, including Purkinje and granule cells.
  • Cerebellar development involves genetic cascades and patterning factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of cerebellar neurons and neural circuitry.
  • To compare cerebellar development in mammals and teleost fish.
  • To discuss the evolution of cerebellar anatomy and function.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis in mice and zebrafish.
  • Comparative developmental studies.
  • Review of existing literature on cerebellar development.

More Related Videos

Streamlined 3D Cerebellar Differentiation Protocol with Optional 2D Modification
10:15

Streamlined 3D Cerebellar Differentiation Protocol with Optional 2D Modification

Published on: December 9, 2017

Utilizing In Vivo Postnatal Electroporation to Study Cerebellar Granule Neuron Morphology and Synapse Development
04:20

Utilizing In Vivo Postnatal Electroporation to Study Cerebellar Granule Neuron Morphology and Synapse Development

Published on: June 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Modeling Human Cerebellar Development In Vitro in 2D Structure
06:14

Modeling Human Cerebellar Development In Vitro in 2D Structure

Published on: September 16, 2022

Streamlined 3D Cerebellar Differentiation Protocol with Optional 2D Modification
10:15

Streamlined 3D Cerebellar Differentiation Protocol with Optional 2D Modification

Published on: December 9, 2017

Utilizing In Vivo Postnatal Electroporation to Study Cerebellar Granule Neuron Morphology and Synapse Development
04:20

Utilizing In Vivo Postnatal Electroporation to Study Cerebellar Granule Neuron Morphology and Synapse Development

Published on: June 9, 2021

Main Results:

  • Key genes like Otx2, Gbx2, Fgf8, Atoh1, and Ptf1a regulate cerebellar patterning and neurogenesis.
  • Glutamatergic neurons arise from the rhombic lip (Atoh1), and GABAergic neurons from the ventricular zone (Ptf1a).
  • Purkinje cell development shows mediolateral compartmentalization linked to circuitry formation.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebellar development and anatomy are conserved between mammals and teleosts.
  • Understanding conserved mechanisms provides insights into cerebellar evolution.
  • This review highlights conserved genetic and developmental pathways in cerebellum formation.