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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...

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Vitamin D: metabolism.

Sylvia Christakos1, Dare V Ajibade, Puneet Dhawan

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. christak@umdnj.edu

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D hydroxylases tightly regulate the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), impacting mineral balance, cancer, and immunity. Modulating these enzymes offers therapeutic potential for bone and immune diseases.

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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), is crucial for mineral homeostasis and has diverse physiological roles, including in cancer cell growth and immune system regulation.
  • Vitamin D hydroxylases are key enzymes responsible for producing 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of vitamin D hydroxylases in regulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels.
  • To discuss the function of extrarenal 1α(OH)ase in the placenta and macrophages.
  • To examine the regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases in aging and chronic kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vitamin D metabolism and hydroxylase regulation.
  • Discussion of extrarenal hydroxylase activity.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms in aging and chronic kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D hydroxylases ensure a tightly regulated supply of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).
  • Extrarenal 1α(OH)ase plays significant roles in the placenta and macrophages.
  • Regulation of hydroxylases is altered in aging and chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases is essential for comprehending vitamin D's diverse functions.
  • Targeting these enzymes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for bone loss and immune disorders.
  • Selective modulation of hydroxylases holds promise for treating various diseases.