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Published on: September 5, 2017
Infantile pulmonary tuberculosis: the great mimic
Roma Subhash Varik1, Attibele Mahadevaiah Shubha, Maria Lewin
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, India.
Pediatric Surgery International
|April 25, 2012
Summary
Infantile tuberculosis can mimic congenital thoracic lesions in infants. Early diagnosis through contact tracing and imaging, followed by prompt antituberculous therapy, is crucial for favorable outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Thoracic Surgery
Background:
- Infantile tuberculosis is a significant health concern in developing nations.
- It can present atypically as space-occupying thoracic lesions, mimicking congenital abnormalities.
Observation:
- This case series details four infants with infantile pulmonary/mediastinal tuberculosis presenting as congenital thoracic lesions.
- Infants presented with symptoms of pneumonia or hyperactive airway disease.
- Diagnostic challenges included differentiating tuberculosis from congenital lung cysts or malformations.
Findings:
- Two infants with confirmed tuberculous contacts underwent surgical intervention, resulting in postoperative complications and mortality.
- The other two infants, diagnosed early via contact history and investigations, received antituberculous therapy and recovered well.
- Tuberculin testing was positive in two cases, but gastric acid-fast bacilli were not detected in any.
Implications:
- Infantile tuberculosis requires high clinical suspicion when presenting as thoracic masses.
- Thorough contact history and appropriate investigations are vital to avoid misdiagnosis and surgical complications.
- Early initiation of antituberculous therapy is key to improving outcomes in affected infants.
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