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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Spectrum of Diabetes Research does not Reflect Patients' Scientific Preferences: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Diabetes Research Areas 2010-2013 vs. a Cross-sectional Survey in Patients with Diabetes.

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·2015
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How do patients' preferences compare to the present spectrum of diabetes research?

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·2012
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[The methods within the evaluation of disease management programmes in control-group designs using the example of diabetes mellitus - a systematic literature review].

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Life prolonging of disease management programs in patients with type 2 diabetes is cost-effective.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2011
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Insufficient evaluation of adverse events is not a proof of safety.

Diabetologia·2010
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Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues. Reply to Nagel JM, Mansmann U, Wegscheider K et al. [letter] and Simon D [letter].

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Updated: May 22, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Screening for diabetes: hope and despair.

P T Sawicki1

  • 1Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleuler Strasse 176-178, Cologne, Germany. Peter.Sawicki@uk-koeln.de

Diabetologia
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Screening for type 2 diabetes is unlikely to reduce macrovascular risks. Early diagnosis and better blood glucose control may prevent some microvascular complications, but further trials are needed.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risks of macrovascular and microvascular complications.
  • Current screening strategies and treatment initiation protocols for type 2 diabetes are under review for their effectiveness in mitigating these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate whether screening for type 2 diabetes or early treatment initiation reduces macrovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • To assess the potential impact of early diagnosis and glycemic control on microvascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Commentary based on available data and existing literature.
  • Analysis of the relationship between screening, early glycemic normalization, and diabetes-specific treatments with macrovascular and microvascular outcomes.

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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Main Results:

  • Screening for type 2 diabetes solely to shorten the time to diagnosis is unlikely to decrease macrovascular risks.
  • Early diagnosis and improved glycemic control may theoretically prevent some microvascular events, like retinopathy, in younger patients.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence does not support screening for type 2 diabetes as a means to reduce macrovascular complications.
  • Prospective intervention trials are required to confirm the potential benefits of early diagnosis and glycemic control on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.