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A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

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US regional differences in death rates from depression.

Anthony P Polednak¹

¹Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

|April 25, 2012

Summary

Mortality rates from depression and schizophrenia are significantly higher when considering all causes of death versus only the underlying cause. These rates were highest in the Midwest and lowest in the South across US regions.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Psychiatric Research

Background:

Previous studies indicate higher mortality rates for psychiatric disorders when using multiple causes of death compared to underlying cause alone.
Limited research exists on the geographic variation within the US regarding mortality rates from psychiatric disorders based on multiple causes of death.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the geographic variation within the US in age-standardized mortality rates (ASRs) for depression and schizophrenia.
To compare ASRs for death with depression using multiple causes versus underlying cause alone across US Census Bureau regions and divisions.
To investigate regional differences in ASRs for depression when coded as a non-underlying cause of death.

Main Methods:

Analysis of US age-standardized rates (ASRs) for death with depression and schizophrenia.

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Comparison of ASRs based on multiple causes of death versus underlying cause alone.

Stratification of analyses by US Census Bureau regions and divisions, and by urbanization levels.

Main Results:

The ratio of multiple-cause ASRs to underlying-cause ASRs was substantially higher for depression (20.9) and schizophrenia (9.2).
ASRs for both depression and schizophrenia were consistently highest in the Midwest region and lowest in the South.
Regional differences in depression mortality persisted across urbanization levels and for deaths where depression was not the underlying cause.

Conclusions:

Significant regional disparities exist in US mortality rates for depression, with higher rates in the Midwest and lower rates in the South.
Further research is needed to understand if these regional differences are attributable to variations in death certification practices, lifestyle factors, or unmet treatment needs.
Similar investigations into regional variations in mortality from psychiatric disorders are warranted in other countries.