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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Schnitzler syndrome].

J Loock1

  • 1Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Deutschland. jloock@schoen-kliniken.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease featuring chronic rash and IgM gammopathy. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade offers an effective treatment option for this condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Schnitzler syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease.
  • It is characterized by chronic urticarial rash and monoclonal IgM gammopathy.
  • The condition is gaining attention due to new therapeutic options.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of Schnitzler syndrome.
  • To discuss its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment.
  • To highlight the role of IL-1 blockade.

Summary:

  • Schnitzler syndrome presents with chronic urticarial rash, monoclonal IgM gammopathy, and variable symptoms.
  • Pathophysiology suggests a late-onset or acquired autoinflammatory condition.
  • Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade is an effective therapeutic strategy.

Impact:

  • Increased understanding of Schnitzler syndrome's pathophysiology.
  • Improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Potential for better patient outcomes with targeted therapies.