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Left ventricular assist using a jet pump.

K Rhee1, P L Blackshear

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, MN.

ASAIO Transactions
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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A novel cardiac assist device using a jet pump effectively unloads the left ventricle. This innovative ventricular assist device shows potential for improving cardiac function by reducing the time tension index.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are crucial for managing heart failure.
  • Existing LVADs can have complications, necessitating simpler, effective alternatives.
  • A jet pump mechanism offers a novel approach to cardiac assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a simple, effective cardiac assist device utilizing a jet pump.
  • To assess the device's ability to unload the left ventricle in a mock circulatory system.
  • To compare the device's efficacy against standard bypass methods.

Main Methods:

  • A jet pump was designed for retrograde insertion into the aorta and transvalvular placement in the left ventricle.
  • The device was tested in a mock circulatory system simulating physiological pressures (120/75 mmHg) and cardiac output (4 L/min).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bypass flow rate, entrainment pumping, peak ventricular pressure, and aortic pressure were monitored. Time tension index (TTI) was calculated.

    • Main Results:

    • The jet pump achieved an entrainment pumping rate of 1.5 L/min with a bypass flow rate of 2.5 L/min.
    • Peak ventricular pressure fell below aortic pressure while maintaining mean aortic pressure.
    • A significant 31% reduction in the time tension index (TTI) was observed, exceeding reductions seen with simple bypass.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed jet pump cardiac assist device effectively unloads the left ventricle.
    • The device demonstrates potential as a less invasive and simpler left ventricular assist device (LVAD).
    • Further research is warranted to explore its clinical applicability in treating heart failure.