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Related Concept Videos

Rationalizing Substitutions01:29

Rationalizing Substitutions

Integrals involving non-rational functions are often difficult to evaluate using standard techniques, especially when radicals appear in the integrand. Rationalizing substitution provides a systematic method for simplifying such integrals by converting them into rational forms that are easier to handle.Consider a rod whose linear mass density depends on a constant linear density, a characteristic length, and the distance from the left end of the rod. Determining the total mass requires...
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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Primes and flankers: source confusions and discounting.

Stephen E Denton1, Richard M Shiffrin

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sedenton@umail.iu.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Brief primes enhance target word identification, while long primes hinder it. Novel flanker duration effects were observed, with longer flankers being discounted more, supporting the ROUSE model of visual perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual word identification is influenced by preceding primes, simultaneous flankers, and subsequent masks.
  • Priming effects are duration-dependent, with brief primes favoring the primed choice and long primes having an inverse effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of flanker duration on visual word identification.
  • To test the ROUSE model's ability to account for both priming and flanker effects.

Main Methods:

  • A forced-choice target identification task was employed.
  • Experiments included varying durations of primes and novel flankers presented simultaneously with the target word.
  • The ROUSE model was used to predict and explain observed effects.

Main Results:

  • Previous priming effects were replicated.
  • Novel findings demonstrated significant effects of flanker duration on target identification.
  • The ROUSE model successfully accounted for both priming and flanker duration effects.

Conclusions:

  • The ROUSE model accurately predicts visual identification outcomes based on prime and flanker characteristics.
  • Flanker duration modulates visual processing, with longer flankers being discounted more than shorter ones relative to optimal levels.