Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Thoracic Aorta

Thoracic Aorta

The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal facet...

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

Veins of Thorax

Veins of Thorax

The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Caudal Regression Syndrome and Concomitant Anomalies in Pediatric Patients.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2016

Same author

Tessier 30 facial cleft.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons·2012

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice

Published on: February 5, 2021

Thoracoschisis with limb agenesis.

Nirmal C Bhattacharyya¹, Manoj Gogoi, Pradip K Deuri

¹Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons

|April 25, 2012

Summary

This report details a rare congenital condition in a neonate involving thoracoschisis, abdominal wall defects, and agenesis of the right upper limb. This case highlights complex developmental anomalies in newborns.

Keywords:

Limb body wall complex chest wall defect thoracoschisis

More Related Videos

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting

Published on: January 29, 2020

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Published on: June 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice

Published on: February 5, 2021

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting

Published on: January 29, 2020

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Published on: June 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Neonatal Medicine
Developmental Biology
Congenital Anomalies

Background:

Thoracoschisis, diaphragmatic, and abdominal wall defects are rare congenital malformations.
Limb agenesis, particularly upper limb agenesis, presents significant challenges.
The simultaneous occurrence of these anomalies is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

A neonate presented with a complex spectrum of congenital defects.
The observed anomalies included thoracoschisis, a defect of the diaphragm, and supraumbilical abdominal wall defect.
Associated with these was the complete absence of the right upper limb (right upper limb agenesis).

Findings:

The neonate exhibited a rare combination of thoracoschisis, diaphragmatic defect, and supraumbilical abdominal wall defect.
Right upper limb agenesis was a significant associated finding.
This constellation of defects represents a severe form of developmental anomaly.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of recognizing and managing complex congenital malformations in neonates.
Further research into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to such combined defects is warranted.
Understanding these rare conditions can improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected infants and families.