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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
07:27

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

"Vanishing" pulmonary valve stenosis.

Nofil I Arain1, James H Moller, Lee A Pyles

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, East Building, Minneapolis, MN, US.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) in children can resolve spontaneously. The pulmonary valve (PV) annulus z-score, not age or PV morphology, appears to be a key factor in predicting the course of mild PS.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseasepulmonary stenosisvalvar disease

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Mild pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) can either resolve spontaneously or progress.
  • Understanding factors influencing the resolution of mild PS is crucial for patient management.
  • Current methods for assessing mild PS may not fully predict its natural course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristics of the pulmonary valve (PV) that influence the spontaneous resolution of mild PS in pediatric patients.
  • To determine if factors like age, clinical presentation, or PV morphology predict resolution.
  • To evaluate the utility of the PV annulus z-score in monitoring mild PS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 15 asymptomatic pediatric patients with isolated mild PS who experienced spontaneous resolution.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, age at diagnosis, PV morphology, and PV gradient.
  • Assessment of PV annulus size, including z-score corrected for body surface area.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation was found between PV gradient, clinical presentation, age at diagnosis, or PV morphology and PS resolution.
  • The PV annulus was initially small but normalized during follow-up.
  • PV annulus z-scores were normal at initial evaluation and throughout follow-up when corrected for body surface area.

Conclusions:

  • Age at diagnosis and PV morphology do not appear to influence the resolution of mild PS.
  • Clinical presentation alone is insufficient for categorizing and monitoring mild PS.
  • The PV annulus z-score may serve as a valuable tool for determining the course and serial observation of mild PS.