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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

S-nitrosation: current concepts and new developments.

Douglas D Thomas1, David Jourd'heuil

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|April 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein S-nitrosation, a key modification regulating cell signaling, requires further study. Research should focus on S-nitrosothiol formation/decomposition, nitric oxide biochemistry, and advanced quantification methods.

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A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Published on: September 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • S-nitrosation (SNO) is a crucial post-translational modification of cysteine residues.
  • This modification regulates diverse protein functions and cellular signaling pathways.
  • Understanding SNO is vital for comprehending biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge and identify future directions in protein S-nitrosation research.
  • To highlight key challenges and opportunities in the field.
  • To emphasize the need for detailed investigation into specific mechanisms and methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of original research articles and existing literature.
  • Discussion of theoretical mechanisms for S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) formation and decomposition.
  • Exploration of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite biochemistry in biological systems.
  • Consideration of novel methodologies integrating proteomics and direct quantitation.

Main Results:

  • Identified key concepts and developments in protein S-nitrosation.
  • Highlighted areas requiring further investigation, including RSNO metabolism.
  • Emphasized the integration of NO/nitrite biochemistry.
  • Pointed to the need for advanced analytical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Protein S-nitrosation is a critical regulatory mechanism.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate RSNO formation/decomposition pathways.
  • Advancements in NO/nitrite biochemistry and quantitative proteomics are essential.
  • Developing new methodologies will accelerate progress in understanding S-nitrosation.