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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

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Are monkeys able to plan for future exchange?

Marie Bourjade¹, Bernard Thierry, Josep Call

¹Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France. marie.bourjade@gmail.com

Animal Cognition

|April 26, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeys show limited future planning abilities in a cooperative exchange task. While some brown capuchins (Cebus apella) and Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) occasionally succeeded, most failed to plan for token exchange, suggesting challenges in temporal comprehension.

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Area of Science:

Primate cognition
Animal behavior
Comparative psychology

Background:

The capacity for future planning in non-human animals is a significant area of debate in cognitive science.
Understanding future planning is crucial for deciphering the evolution of complex cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate future planning capabilities in two monkey species, the brown capuchin (Cebus apella) and the Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana).
To examine future planning within a cooperative, planning-to-exchange task involving tokens and food rewards.

Main Methods:

A planning-to-exchange task was designed requiring monkeys to collect and save specific tokens for later exchange.
Subjects had to select appropriate tokens, wait for a set duration, and then exchange them for food.
The study observed token selection, transport, and successful exchange rates in controlled experimental conditions.

Main Results:

Monkeys generally failed to transport tokens into the testing compartment, indicating difficulty in planning for future exchange.
A small number of subjects (three) succeeded sporadically, bringing correct tokens but rarely more than one at a time.
Success rates were low, and while token manipulation frequency correlated with transport, overall performance suggests challenges in temporal understanding.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that brown capuchins and Tonkean macaques exhibit limited capacity for future planning in this specific cooperative task.
Difficulties in temporal comprehension may underlie the observed planning deficits.
Further research is needed to explore the nuances of time-related cognition in primates.