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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Risk factors for infantile atopic dermatitis and recurrent wheezing.

N Kawamoto1, T Fukao, H Kaneko

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. noriok-gif@umin.ac.jp

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a risk factor for infant atopic dermatitis (AD). Later, total IgE and egg white sensitization predict AD, while interleukin 4 (IL-4) predicts recurrent wheezing (RW).

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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Allergy

Background:

  • The precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying atopic dermatitis (AD) and recurrent wheezing (RW) in infants remain incompletely understood.
  • Identifying early immunological risk factors is crucial for understanding disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunological markers associated with the development of AD and RW in infancy.
  • To identify potential early predictors for these common childhood conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study followed 314 infants from birth to 14 months.
  • Immunological markers were assessed via blood tests at 6 and 14 months.
  • Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses identified risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) was linked to AD at 6 months (aOR, 1.607).
  • At 6 months, total IgE (aOR, 1.018) and egg white sensitization (aOR, 23.246) predicted AD at 14 months.
  • Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced interleukin 4 (IL-4) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at 6 months predicted RW at 14 months (aOR, 1.043).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated cord blood IgE is an early risk factor for infant AD.
  • At 6 months, total IgE levels and specific IgE sensitization to egg white are significant predictors of AD by 14 months.
  • PHA-induced IL-4 production in PBMCs at 6 months serves as a risk factor for developing RW later in infancy.