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Sukma Oktavianthi1, Hidayat Trimarsanto, Clarissa A Febinia

  • 1Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl, Diponegoro 69, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Environmental factors significantly influence how Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) gene variations contribute to obesity. The study highlights the importance of considering environment when assessing UCP2 gene polymorphisms and obesity risk in the Balinese population.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene polymorphisms are linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Common UCP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), G(-866)A (rs659366) and Ala55Val (rs660339), are investigated.
  • Previous research suggests a genetic predisposition to metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between UCP2 gene polymorphisms (G(-866)A and Ala55Val) and obesity, fasting plasma glucose, and serum lipids.
  • To explore the role of environmental settings (urban vs. rural) in these associations.
  • To analyze the impact of specific UCP2 genotypes and haplotypes on metabolic health in a Balinese population.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 603 participants from Bali, Indonesia (278 urban, 325 rural).
  • Measured fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol.
  • Genotyped UCP2 G(-866)A and Ala55Val polymorphisms and determined obesity status based on WHO criteria for Asians.

Main Results:

  • Obesity prevalence was significantly higher in urban (51%) compared to rural (23%) subjects.
  • No significant differences in genotype, minor allele frequencies, or heterozygosity were observed between urban and rural groups for either SNP.
  • A combined analysis revealed that urban subjects with the A/A genotype for the G(-866)A SNP had higher BMI. Haplotype analysis indicated an association between the AT haplotype and high BMI in urban environments.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental settings play a crucial role in modulating the effect of common UCP2 gene polymorphisms on obesity development.
  • The findings underscore the gene-environment interaction in the pathogenesis of obesity within the Balinese population.
  • This study emphasizes the need to incorporate environmental context in genetic association studies for metabolic diseases.