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Analyzing disease risks associated with translocations.

Anthony W Sainsbury1, Rebecca J Vaughan-Higgins

  • 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom. tony.sainsbury@ioz.ac.uk

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A new qualitative method assesses disease risks for species translocations, identifying coccidia as a high-risk hazard for Eurasian Cranes. This approach aids conservation efforts by evaluating potential disease threats in wild animal movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife conservation
  • Disease ecology
  • Ecosystem management

Background:

  • Species translocations are increasingly vital for mitigating anthropogenic ecosystem changes and biodiversity loss.
  • Existing disease risk assessment methods for domestic animals were adapted for wild species translocations.
  • Assessing disease risks is crucial for the success of conservation translocations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a qualitative method for assessing disease risks in wild animal translocations.
  • To adapt existing disease-risk analysis frameworks for application to wildlife.
  • To identify and categorize potential disease hazards associated with species movements.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted a manual for domestic animal disease-risk analysis for wild animal translocations.
  • Defined a parasite as a hazard if it or the host crossed a barrier and was novel.
  • Included host immunity, parasite effects on populations, noninfectious agents, and stressors in the analysis.
  • Applied the method to the reintroduction of Eurasian Cranes (Grus grus) to England.

Main Results:

  • Identified 24 potential disease hazards associated with the Eurasian Crane reintroduction.
  • Coccidia were classified as high risk; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, Mycobacterium avium, Aspergillus fumigatus, tracheal worms, and Tetrameres spp. were medium risk.
  • Seventeen hazards were assessed as low or very low risk.
  • Highlighted uncertainty due to limited data on wild animal parasite distribution and pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed qualitative method provides a framework for assessing disease risks in translocated wild animals.
  • Further research, including parasite surveys and post-release monitoring, is needed to reduce uncertainty.
  • The method is adaptable for assessing disease risks in other translocated populations.
  • Effective disease risk assessment is essential for successful wildlife conservation translocations.