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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
12:55

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Published on: February 16, 2015

Recent developments on immunotherapy for brain cancer.

Derek A Wainwright1, Pragati Nigam, Bart Thaci

  • 1The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging due to their immunosuppressive environment. New immunotherapies targeting immune cells and tumor cells are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

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12:55

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Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
11:15

Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts

Published on: September 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are highly aggressive and difficult to treat due to the blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Standard treatments offer limited survival benefits, with GBM patients living only about 14.6 months on average.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review immune system mediators involved in brain tumor immunosuppression.
  • To discuss current and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for brain tumors.
  • To highlight the need for novel treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of cellular and molecular immune mediators (TGF-β, T cells, Tregs, CTLA-4, PD-1, IDO).
  • Analysis of prognostic factors and existing immunotherapies.
  • Consideration of ongoing and potential future immunotherapeutic clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Key immunosuppressive factors within the brain tumor microenvironment were identified.
  • Current immunotherapies show limited efficacy in improving quality of life and survival for brain tumor patients.
  • Existing treatment strategies require reevaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatment of brain tumors, especially GBM, necessitates innovative approaches beyond current standards of care.
  • Simultaneous inhibition of immunosuppressive pathways in both immune and tumor cells is critical for therapeutic success.
  • Future strategies should focus on combinatorial immunotherapies to overcome treatment resistance.