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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Renal lithiasis in pediatric patients: correlation of methods that depend on 24-hour collections with simpler methods that do not require timed urine.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2020
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[Risk assessment in children with lithogenic kidney stones].

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

[Urinary tract duplication].

M Ubetagoyena Arrieta1, C Sarasqueta Eizaguirre, D Arruebarrena Lizarraga

  • 1Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España. m.mercedes.ubetagoyenaarrieta@osakidetza.net

Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary tract duplication in children can lead to kidney damage, especially when there is upper kidney obstruction from an ectopic ureter or ureterocele. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for preserving renal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Renal Imaging
  • Congenital Anomalies

Context:

  • Urinary tract duplication is a common congenital anomaly in children.
  • Understanding the diverse clinical and radiological presentations is essential for appropriate management.
  • This study reviews 301 pediatric cases to characterize different types of urinary tract duplications.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical and radiological characteristics of various urinary tract duplications.
  • To assess patient outcomes and the incidence of renal parenchymal injury.
  • To identify risk factors associated with renal damage in duplicated systems.

Summary:

  • A retrospective study of 301 children classified renal duplications into complete duplication without obstruction (CD), incomplete duplication (ID), ectopic ureter (EU), and ureterocele (UTC).
  • Upper kidney dilation was significantly higher in EU (84%) and UTC (94%) groups compared to CD (21%) and ID (25%).
  • Surgical intervention rates were high for EU (84%) and UTC (97%), with significant rates of renal parenchymal injury observed, particularly in obstructed cases.

Impact:

  • Identifies ectopic ureter insertion and ureterocele as high-risk factors for renal injury in pediatric urinary tract duplication.
  • Highlights the importance of imaging (ultrasound, VCUG, DMSA) in diagnosing and classifying these anomalies.
  • Informs clinical decision-making regarding surgical versus conservative management and long-term follow-up.