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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Dark Matter RNA: Existence, Function, and Controversy.

Philipp Kapranov1, Georges St Laurent

  • 1St. Laurent Institute Cambridge, MA, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vast non-coding DNA, making up 97-98% of the human genome, is debated: is it junk or does it hold the blueprint for development? This fundamental genetics question explores its biological function.

Keywords:
dark matter RNAgenegenomicsintronic RNAlincnon-codingtranscriptomevlinc

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human genome comprises 2-3% protein-coding DNA and 97-98% non-coding DNA.
  • The function of the vast non-coding DNA remains a significant debate in genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological function of the non-coding human genome.
  • To address the debate on whether non-coding DNA is "junk" or essential for organismal development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on non-coding DNA.
  • Analysis of arguments for and against the functional significance of non-coding sequences.

Main Results:

  • Contrasting viewpoints exist: "junk DNA" theory versus non-coding DNA as a blueprint for development.
  • Evidence suggests non-coding DNA may play crucial roles in developmental complexity.

Conclusions:

  • The functional significance of the non-coding genome is a pivotal question in modern genetics.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of non-coding DNA in biological systems.