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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...

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Interaction between vitamin D and calcium.

Paul Lips1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine section, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. P.Lips@vumc.nl

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adequate calcium intake can mitigate vitamin D deficiency effects. Combining vitamin D and calcium supplementation improves health outcomes more than either alone, especially in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates negative health consequences associated with low calcium intake.
  • The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to enhance intestinal calcium absorption.
  • Paracellular calcium transport is independent of vitamin D and relies on the calcium gradient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake.
  • To explore how calcium and vitamin D influence each other's metabolism and physiological effects.
  • To examine the combined impact of vitamin D and calcium on health outcomes, particularly fracture incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vitamin D and calcium interactions.
  • Analysis of studies involving VDR null mice and rat experiments.
  • Examination of clinical trial data on vitamin D and calcium supplementation for fracture prevention.

Main Results:

  • Active calcium absorption is impaired at serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 20 nmol/L.
  • Very high calcium and lactose diets can restore bone mineralization in VDR null mice without vitamin D.
  • Both calcium and vitamin D metabolites reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion; higher 25(OH)D levels correlate with decreased PTH.
  • Increased calcium intake prolongs the half-life of 25(OH)D, while hyperparathyroidism shortens it.
  • Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation trials show better results for fracture incidence than single-nutrient interventions, with effects varying by baseline intake, vitamin D status, age, and living situation.

Conclusions:

  • A significant interaction exists between calcium intake and vitamin D status.
  • High calcium intake positively influences vitamin D economy.
  • Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation is more effective in reducing fracture incidence than individual supplementation, particularly in specific populations.