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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Vitamin D and bone health.

Andrew G Turner1, Paul H Anderson, Howard A Morris

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, and Chemical Pathology Directorate, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000 SA, Australia.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D deficiency causes metabolic bone diseases like osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Adequate vitamin D status, measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, protects bone mineral density and reduces fracture risk.

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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is linked to osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
  • Osteomalacia involves delayed bone mineralization, treatable by restoring calcium and phosphate balance.
  • Vitamin D's endocrine functions regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis, preventing osteomalacia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of vitamin D status in bone health, specifically differentiating its effects on osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D influence bone cells and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical data on vitamin D status and bone diseases.
  • In vitro studies using human bone cell cultures.
  • Animal model studies investigating vitamin D metabolism in bone.

Main Results:

  • Adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels protect against osteoporosis by enhancing bone mineral density and reducing fracture risk.
  • Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels do not appear to reduce fracture risk.
  • Bone cells can metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, influencing VDR activity, gene expression, and bone cell maturation.
  • These cellular actions promote bone mineralization and reduce bone resorption.
  • Dietary calcium interacts with vitamin D metabolism, influencing both endocrine and local bone tissue actions.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D plays a dual role in bone health: its endocrine function is crucial for preventing osteomalacia, while its status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) is vital for preventing osteoporosis.
  • Local metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in bone cells contributes to maintaining bone health through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.
  • Calcium intake modulates vitamin D's effects on bone, highlighting the interplay between these nutrients in bone metabolism.