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Vitamin D and cognitive function.

Maya Soni1, Katarina Kos, Iain A Lang

  • 1Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to cognitive impairment and dementia. Low vitamin D levels increase the risk of cognitive decline, suggesting a potential role for supplementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Vitamin D's role in skeletal health is known, but deficiency is increasingly linked to non-skeletal conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes.
  • Vitamin D receptors are present in brain tissue, and its active form exhibits neuroprotective properties, including the clearance of amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between vitamin D levels and cognitive function, including dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.
  • To review evidence linking low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations to cognitive decline and cerebrovascular events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational studies noting associations between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment.
  • Analysis of prospective studies indicating a potential increased risk of cognitive decline with low vitamin D levels.
  • Consideration of limitations of cross-sectional studies in establishing causality due to behavioral and dietary changes.

Main Results:

  • Associations found between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease/dementia in European and US populations.
  • Severely deficient elders showed up to a fourfold greater risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with adequate levels.
  • Low 25(OH)D concentrations are linked to cerebrovascular events, including stroke and large vessel infarcts.

Conclusions:

  • Low vitamin D status is associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and cerebrovascular events.
  • While observational data suggest a link, randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm if vitamin D supplementation can prevent or treat cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of vitamin D in brain health and cognitive function.