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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Comparative analysis and visualization of multiple collinear genomes.

Jeremy R Wang1, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Leonard McMillan

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. jrwang@cs.unc.edu

BMC Bioinformatics
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new web-based tool for comparing multiple genomes, improving visualization and analysis of genomic data for researchers. The tool facilitates comparative genomics by illustrating sequence similarity and enabling interactive exploration of genetic variations.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Genome browsers are essential for visualizing genomic features but lack robust comparative analysis capabilities for large datasets.
  • The increasing volume of genomic data necessitates advanced tools for comparing multiple collinear genomes, particularly in model organisms.
  • Existing tools are insufficient for meaningful comparative analysis across numerous genomes, hindering genetic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel web-based tool for visualizing and analyzing multiple collinear genomes.
  • To enhance comparative genomic analysis through intuitive visualization and interactive features.
  • To address the limitations of current genome browsers in handling large-scale comparative studies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel web-based tool for visualizing and analyzing multiple collinear genomes.
  • Implemented visualizations illustrating genome-sequence similarity using mosaics of intervals representing local phylogeny, subspecific origin, and haplotype identity.
  • Integrated features for reordering and clustering tracks, and provided local phylogenetic trees for assessing variations.

Main Results:

  • The developed tool effectively visualizes genome-sequence similarity across multiple genomes.
  • Comparative analysis is facilitated through interactive track manipulation and clustering.
  • Local phylogenetic trees offer an alternative visualization for assessing genomic variations.

Conclusions:

  • The novel browser enables simultaneous and comparative analysis of multiple genomes, surpassing previous tools.
  • Features include intuitive selection, interactive navigation, and dynamic visualizations adaptable to scale and data content.
  • Demonstrated utility with an extensive dataset of nearly 200 distinct mouse laboratory strains.