Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal and...
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller aligns...
Control Systems: Applications01:25

Control Systems: Applications

Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypoglycaemia Was Not Associated With Depression, Anxiety, Diabetes Distress or Fear of Hypoglycaemia Scores in People With Type 1 or Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes in the Hypo-METRICS Study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Gold and Clarke Questionnaires Identify Different People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia in Almost 60% of Cases: A Post Hoc Analysis From the Hypo-METRICS Study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Exploring the gap between sensor-detected (SDH) and person-reported hypoglycaemia (PRH): The voice of people living with diabetes.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2026
Same author

[Characteristics and methods of use of insulins].

La Revue du praticien·2026
Same author

Diabetes community calls for quality standards for continuous glucose monitoring devices.

The Lancet regional health. Europe·2026
Same author

Psychosocial outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes using a tubeless automated insulin delivery system compared with sensor augmented pump therapy: A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial sub-study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same journal

A Pilot Study on Disposal Practices and Environmental Awareness of Insulin-Related Devices Among People With Diabetes.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same journal

Quality of In-Use Insulin Under Real-World Storage Conditions in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same journal

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics for Predicting Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Individuals Undergoing Gestational Diabetes Screening.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same journal

Diabetes Technologist: Optimal Use of Technology in Everyday Practice.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same journal

AI-Driven Diabetes Care and Its Relevance in the Philippine Context: Opportunities and Persistent Digital Barriers.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same journal

Ease of Use, Ease of Learning, and Convenience of the CagriSema Dual-Chamber Pen: Results From a Usability Study in Adults With Overweight, Obesity, or Type 2 Diabetes.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Clinical requirements for closed-loop control systems.

William L Clarke1, Eric Renard

  • 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. wlc@virginia.edu

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Closed-loop (CL) systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus require clear safety and efficacy standards. This includes managing hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and improving glycemic control for better patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Closed-loop (CL) systems offer potential for improved type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.
  • Establishing robust safety, efficacy, and manageability criteria is crucial for patient adoption and clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose safety, efficacy, and manageability criteria for closed-loop (CL) therapy systems in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • To define performance benchmarks based on current therapeutic outcomes and patient-reported measures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis frequencies to set safety expectations.
  • Proposal of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets below ADA recommendations as superiority criteria.
  • Description of glycemic variability measures and psychobehavioral outcome tracking using surveys.

Main Results:

  • Safety expectations for CL systems are proposed, addressing hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets are suggested for superiority criteria.
  • Manageability concerns, including infusion set integrity and sensor accuracy, are highlighted, necessitating alarm systems and clear transition protocols between CL and manual management.

Conclusions:

  • CL therapy systems for T1DM demand stringent safety, efficacy, and manageability standards.
  • Clear protocols for system transitions and patient education are vital for successful implementation.
  • Addressing infusion set issues and sensor accuracy is key to reliable automated insulin delivery.