Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acute Psychiatric Care Provision for Children and Adolescents in Ireland.

Irish medical journal·2026
Same author

A multi-centre performance evaluation of a commercially developed liquid biopsy for the earlier detection of brain tumours.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Exploring the Impact of Bullying and Friendship on Mental Health Outcomes Among Transgender, Gender Diverse (TGD), and Cisgender Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual (LGB+) Youth.

Journal of homosexuality·2025
Same author

SIFT IT: A feasibility and preliminary efficacy randomized controlled trial of a social cognition group treatment programme for people with acquired brain injury.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation·2024
Same author

Personality Assessment Inventory suicidality scales: Suicidal Ideation (SUI), Suicide Potential Index (SPI), and S_Chron in an Afghanistan/Iraq-era active and Veteran military sample.

Suicide & life-threatening behavior·2023
Same author

The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water of River Satluj Pakistan.

Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia·2023
Same journal

Association between area-level deprivation and hospital dental admissions in children under five.

British dental journal·2026
Same journal

The role of multi-acid and traditional acid etching agents on the surface roughness of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic material.

British dental journal·2026
Same journal

Oral health perceptions among elite athletes and elite para-athletes: psychosocial impacts, sports performance.

British dental journal·2026
Same journal

Frank Clare Wilkinson CBE (1889-1979) dental professor in Manchester, Australia and London, second dean of the Eastman Dental Institute.

British dental journal·2026
Same journal

Admissions factors and their associations with performance in dental education: a quantitative study exploring undergraduate admissions at a UK dental school.

British dental journal·2026
Same journal

Dentistry Show Birmingham reflects a profession looking forward.

British dental journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Amelogenesis imperfecta: an introduction.

K Gadhia1, S McDonald, N Arkutu

  • 1Eastman Dental Hospital. kushalgadhia@nhs.net

British Dental Journal
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is an inherited enamel disorder caused by gene mutations, affecting all primary and secondary teeth. This review covers AI epidemiology, classification, causes, clinical features, and diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
08:26

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

The Slice Culture Method for Following Development of Tooth Germs In Explant Culture
07:47

The Slice Culture Method for Following Development of Tooth Germs In Explant Culture

Published on: November 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
08:26

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

The Slice Culture Method for Following Development of Tooth Germs In Explant Culture
07:47

The Slice Culture Method for Following Development of Tooth Germs In Explant Culture

Published on: November 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Genetics
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited dental enamel defects.
  • Mutations in five specific genes (AMEL, ENAM, MMP20, KLK4, FAM83H) are linked to AI.
  • AI affects enamel structure and appearance in both primary and permanent dentitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Amelogenesis imperfecta.
  • To detail the epidemiology, classification, etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of AI.
  • To lay the groundwork for subsequent papers on clinical management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Amelogenesis imperfecta.
  • Synthesis of information on genetic basis, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria.
  • Classification of AI based on established criteria.

Main Results:

  • AI presents with diverse phenotypes due to mutations in AMEL, ENAM, MMP20, KLK4, and FAM83H.
  • The disorder impacts enamel development across all teeth.
  • Established classifications and diagnostic approaches for AI exist.

Conclusions:

  • Amelogenesis imperfecta is a significant inherited disorder with varied clinical manifestations.
  • Understanding the epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis is crucial for patient management.
  • Further research and clinical collaboration are needed for optimal AI patient care.