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Related Concept Videos

First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
The Placebo Effect01:54

The Placebo Effect

The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

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Related Experiment Videos

Do first opinions affect second opinions?

Geva Vashitz1, Joseph S Pliskin, Yisrael Parmet

  • 1Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. gevava@bgu.ac.il

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians’ decisions can be influenced by second medical opinions. Orthopedic surgeons were more likely to choose invasive treatments when aware of another opinion, while neurologists were not. Further research is needed to reconcile differing medical opinions.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical decision-making
  • Physician judgment
  • Healthcare systems

Background:

  • Second medical opinions are increasingly common and sometimes mandatory.
  • Variations in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis can occur among physicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if physicians' clinical judgment is influenced by a second medical opinion provided to a patient.
  • To investigate potential biases in medical decision-making due to external opinions.

Main Methods:

  • Orthopedic surgeons and neurologists responded to clinical scenarios with suggested treatments.
  • One group received the "other" physician's opinion (study group), while a control group did not.
  • Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests and repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Orthopedic surgeons in the study group opted for more interventionist treatments when aware of another opinion (p=0.03).
  • This effect was significant in four of eight scenarios for orthopedic surgeons.
  • Neurologists showed no significant difference in treatment choices based on awareness of a second opinion (p=0.51).

Conclusions:

  • Physicians' judgments can be affected by other physicians' opinions, though this varies by specialty and case.
  • While second opinions can enhance clinical decisions, unintentional influence is a concern.
  • Mechanisms to reconcile discrepant medical opinions are necessary to optimize patient care.