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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

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Ultrashort TE T1ρ magic angle imaging.

Jiang Du¹, Sheronda Statum, Richard Znamirowski

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92103-8756, USA. jiangdu@ucsd.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|April 28, 2012

Summary

Dipole-dipole interactions are the primary driver of T(1)ρ relaxation in tendons and ligaments. This study observed significant magic angle effects and T(1)ρ changes with varying magnetic fields in goat cruciate ligaments and human Achilles tendons.

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Published on: February 12, 2014

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Understanding relaxation mechanisms in biological tissues is crucial for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) applications.
T(1)ρ (T1 rho) relaxation is sensitive to molecular dynamics and interactions within tissues.
Dipole-dipole interactions are a fundamental physical interaction influencing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contribution of dipole-dipole interactions to T(1)ρ relaxation in connective tissues.
To explore the influence of magnetic field orientation and spin-lock field strength on T(1)ρ.
To determine the dominant relaxation mechanism in goat posterior cruciate ligament and human Achilles tendon.

Main Methods:

Utilized an ultrashort echo time (TE) T(1)ρ pulse sequence.
Measured T(1)ρ in goat posterior cruciate ligament (n=1) and human Achilles tendon (n=6) specimens.
Varied the angle relative to the B(0) field and spin-lock field strengths (100 Hz to 1 kHz).

Main Results:

Observed a significant magic angle effect, with T(1)ρ increasing at approximately 55°.
Posterior cruciate ligament T(1)ρ increased from 6.9 ± 1.3 ms at 0° to 36 ± 5 ms at 55°.
Achilles tendon T(1)ρ increased from 5.5 ± 2.2 ms at 0° to 40 ± 5 ms at 55°.
T(1)ρ dispersion studies showed increases with increasing spin-lock field strength at both 0° and 55°.

Conclusions:

Dipolar interaction is the dominant T(1)ρ relaxation mechanism in tendons and ligaments.
The findings provide insights into the microscopic structure and dynamics of these connective tissues.
This understanding can potentially improve MRI contrast and characterization of musculoskeletal tissues.