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Trends in intussusception hospitalizations among US infants before and after implementation of the rotavirus

Catherine Yen1, Jacqueline E Tate, Claudia A Steiner

  • 1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. cyen@cdc.gov

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 28, 2012
PubMed

Insights

A study on rotavirus vaccine introduction in the US found a small increase in intussusception rates among infants aged 8-11 weeks. However, no sustained population-level changes in overall intussusception rates were observed following vaccine introduction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccine safety surveillance
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • International data suggest a potential low risk of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination, particularly after the first dose.
  • US data have not previously documented a significant intussusception risk associated with current rotavirus vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine population-level intussusception hospitalization rates in US infants before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine.
  • To assess age-specific trends in intussusception rates in relation to rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of infant hospitalization data for intussusception across 26 US states (75% of birth cohort).
  • Comparison of age-specific intussusception hospitalization rates during the pre-vaccine period (2000-2005) and post-vaccine introduction period (2007-2009).

Main Results:

  • A small, statistically significant increase in intussusception rates was observed among infants aged 8-11 weeks post-vaccine introduction.
  • The overall population-level intussusception hospitalization rate showed a slight increase in 2007 but returned to or fell below pre-vaccine levels in 2008 and 2009.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccine introduction in the US was associated with a small increase in intussusception rates in a specific infant age group (8-11 weeks).
  • No sustained increase in overall population-level intussusception rates was detected following rotavirus vaccine implementation.
Abstract

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