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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Time and a physical Hamiltonian for quantum gravity.

Viqar Husain¹, Tomasz Pawłowski

¹Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3. vhusain@unb.ca

Physical Review Letters

|May 1, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a nonperturbative quantization of general relativity using dust as a time variable. This novel approach yields a complete quantum gravity theory, enabling research in cosmology and black hole physics.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

Theoretical Physics
Quantum Gravity
General Relativity

Background:

General relativity lacks a consistent quantum description.
Previous quantum gravity approaches faced challenges with time and Hamiltonian formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a nonperturbative quantization of general relativity coupled with matter fields.
To establish a complete theory of quantum gravity using a dust field for time.

Main Methods:

Nonperturbative quantization of general relativity.
Coupling general relativity with dust and other matter fields.
Utilizing dust as a natural time variable.

Main Results:

A physical Hamiltonian with spatial diffeomorphism symmetry was derived.
The Hamiltonian was found not to be a square root, a key distinguishing feature.
A complete theory of quantum gravity was established.

Conclusions:

The developed theory offers a path towards addressing fundamental questions in quantum gravity.
Applications in cosmology, quantum gravitational collapse, and Hawking radiation are now technically feasible.