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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Language-specific developmental differences in speech production: a cross-language acoustic study.

Fangfang Li1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. fangfang.li@uleth.ca

Child Development
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children learning English and Japanese develop distinct speech sound production over time. Their sound differentiation aligns with acoustic patterns used by adults in their respective languages, showing language-specific acquisition.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Acoustic Phonetics

Background:

  • Children's speech sound acquisition is a complex process.
  • Language-specific phonological systems influence early speech development.
  • Understanding acoustic cues in speech production aids in tracking developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the acoustic properties of /s/ and /sh/ speech sounds produced by English- and Japanese-speaking children and adults.
  • To investigate how children's speech sound differentiation develops in relation to adult language patterns.
  • To identify language-specific acoustic dimensions critical for distinguishing /s/ and /sh/.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded and acoustically analyzed speech samples of 40 English- and 40 Japanese-speaking children (aged 2-5) and 20 adult speakers.
  • Focused on words beginning with /s/ and /sh/ sounds.
  • Utilized acoustic analysis to measure spectral mean, standard deviation, and onset F2 frequency.

Main Results:

  • Adult English speakers differentiated /s/ and /sh/ using spectral mean.
  • Adult Japanese speakers utilized spectral mean, standard deviation, and onset F2 frequency for differentiation.
  • Children's speech showed a developmental progression from undifferentiated to differentiated sounds.
  • This developmental process in children occurred only in acoustic dimensions utilized by adults of their language.

Conclusions:

  • Children's speech sound acquisition is guided by language-specific acoustic cues present in adult speech.
  • The development of phonemic contrasts is constrained by the acoustic dimensions salient in the ambient language.
  • This study highlights the role of acoustic properties in shaping early phonological development.