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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Supramolecular polymers as dynamic multicomponent cellular uptake carriers.

Katja Petkau-Milroy1, Michael H Sonntag, Arthur H A M van Onzen

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel cellular uptake systems using dynamic supramolecular copolymers. These systems enable the cotransport of cell-impermeable molecules through supramolecular coassembly, offering a modular platform for drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Polymer science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Supramolecular synthesis offers a versatile method for creating dynamic materials with adjustable properties.
  • Cellular uptake is crucial for delivering therapeutic agents into cells, but many molecules struggle to cross cell membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel cellular uptake systems using dynamic supramolecular copolymers.
  • To investigate the use of functionalized discotic molecules for enhanced cellular internalization.
  • To establish a modular platform for cotransporting cell-impermeable molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of discotic molecules with peripheral amine functionalities.
  • Formation of dynamic supramolecular copolymers through coassembly.
  • Evaluation of cellular uptake capabilities of the developed systems.

Main Results:

  • Readily synthesized discotics with peripheral amine groups that confer cellular uptake properties.
  • Demonstrated successful cotransport of cell-impermeable discotics via supramolecular coassembly.
  • Established a correlation between supramolecular coassembly and cellular uptake efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic multicomponent supramolecular polymers provide a novel and adaptable platform for creating modular cellular uptake systems.
  • The developed systems facilitate the internalization of previously cell-impermeable molecules.
  • This approach holds promise for advanced drug delivery and cellular engineering applications.