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A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
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Published on: June 18, 2018

Do initial responses to drugs predict future use or abuse?

Harriet de Wit1, Tamara J Phillips

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637, United States. hdew@uchicago.edu

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in initial drug reactions influence future substance use. Understanding these early responses is key to predicting and preventing drug abuse and dependence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Science

Background:

  • Individual responses to drugs of abuse vary, impacting the likelihood of continued use.
  • Positive subjective effects in humans and behavioral changes in nonhumans are models for drug effects.
  • Genetic factors contribute to variations in early drug sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking initial drug effects to subsequent use, escalation, and dependence.
  • To explore the relationship between early drug responses and the development of addiction.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding the predictive value of initial drug reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on initial drug effects and subsequent use.
  • Analysis of human and nonhuman studies on drug responses and self-administration.
  • Examination of genetic influences on drug sensitivity and intake.

Main Results:

  • Positive drug effects in humans encourage continued use; negative effects discourage it.
  • In nonhumans, reduced sensitivity to aversive drug effects predicts higher genetic risk for intake.
  • The precise relationship between initial responses and escalated drug use or dependence remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Early drug responses and use are necessary but may not be sufficient for addiction development.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial to determine how initial drug reactions predict long-term substance abuse.
  • Animal models are valuable for investigating the mechanisms underlying initial drug responses and their predictive value.