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Related Concept Videos

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters assessment...
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Cognitive interventions to reduce diagnostic error: a narrative review.

Mark L Graber1, Stephanie Kissam, Velma L Payne

  • 1RTI International, c\o 1 Breezy Hollow, St James, NY 11780, USA. mgraber@rti.org

BMJ Quality & Safety
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive errors in diagnosis are common. This review identified interventions to improve knowledge, reasoning skills, and provide cognitive support, but more rigorous evaluation is needed for real-world application.

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Science
  • Clinical Decision Making

Background:

  • Clinical reasoning errors frequently lead to missed, delayed, or incorrect diagnoses.
  • Cognitive errors are a significant factor in diagnostic inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify interventions aimed at reducing cognitive errors in clinical diagnosis.
  • To synthesize existing literature on strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across medical and non-medical databases.
  • Inclusion of articles suggesting or evaluating interventions for cognitive errors.
  • Exclusion of studies focused solely on diagnostic tests or provider satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • 141 articles were reviewed; 42 reported tested interventions, 100 offered suggestions.
  • Interventions fall into three categories: improving knowledge/experience, enhancing reasoning skills, and providing cognitive support.
  • Cognitive support includes electronic records, decision support systems, and access to specialists.

Conclusions:

  • A broad spectrum of interventions to reduce diagnostic cognitive errors exists.
  • Many suggested interventions lack rigorous testing, and evaluated interventions often use artificial settings.
  • Future research requires improved evaluation methods to assess interventions in actual clinical practice.