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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Adiposity and cognitive decline: underlying mechanisms.

Deborah R Gustafson1

  • 1Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. deborah.gustafson@neuro.gu.se

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adiposity, or body fat, influences dementia risk throughout life. This review explores how body fat impacts brain health and dementia risk via various mechanisms.

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link adiposity levels to dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Overweight and obesity in mid- to late-life may elevate dementia risk.
  • Body weight decline and underweight preceding dementia diagnosis are also associated with dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms by which adipose tissue influences brain and dementia risk during cognitive decline.
  • To explore the dynamic interplay between body weight changes and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on adipose tissue, brain interaction, and dementia.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including adipose tissue characteristics, body composition, endocrine functions, and gene interactions.

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue is a multifunctional tissue with complex interactions with the brain.
  • Potential mechanisms involve adipose tissue location, cell types, body composition, and endocrine signaling.
  • The interplay between adipose tissue, brain structure/function, and genetics is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue plays a significant role in brain health and dementia risk.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for addressing dementia.
  • Adipose tissue's influence on the brain warrants further investigation.