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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

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Published on: March 17, 2019

Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks.

Robert Whelan1, Patricia J Conrod, Jean-Baptiste Poline

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. robert.whelan@uvm.edu

Nature Neuroscience
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent impulsive behavior stems from distinct brain networks. Neurodevelopmental processes and genetic factors influence inhibition, drug use, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Impulsive behavior is common in adolescence and linked to neurodevelopment.
  • Impulsivity is complex, with different brain networks potentially underlying its various facets.
  • Existing research has not fully delineated these specific neural networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct cortical and subcortical brain networks associated with successful inhibition and inhibition failures in adolescents.
  • To explore the relationship between these neural networks and factors like drug use and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.
  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of impulsive behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neuroimaging techniques on a large sample of 14-year-old adolescents (n = 1,896).
  • Analyzed brain network activity related to inhibition tasks, drug use (n = 1,593), and ADHD symptoms (n = 342).
  • Examined genetic variations, including the norepinephrine transporter gene (n = 819), in relation to neural activity and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct neural networks for successful inhibition versus inhibition failures.
  • Orbitofrontal cortical network hypofunctioning correlated with increased likelihood of early adolescent drug initiation.
  • Right inferior frontal activity linked to inhibition speed, substance use, and specific genetic variations.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent impulsivity arises from a combination of neural endophenotypes and genetic variations.
  • Specific brain networks are associated with different aspects of impulsive behavior, including drug use and ADHD.
  • Understanding these neural and genetic factors is crucial for addressing adolescent behavioral challenges.