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Renewable nitrogen-doped hydrothermal carbons derived from microalgae.

Camillo Falco1, Marta Sevilla, Robin J White

  • 1Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Chemsuschem
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Summary

Sustainable synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbons from microalgae and glucose via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) yields materials with over 7 wt% nitrogen. This green method enhances nitrogen retention and forms valuable nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry
  • Biomass Conversion

Background:

  • Nitrogen-doped carbon materials offer unique properties for various applications.
  • Developing sustainable and efficient synthesis routes is crucial.
  • Microalgae present a promising, nitrogen-rich biomass feedstock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a green, one-step synthesis for nitrogen-doped carbons using microalgae.
  • To investigate the role of glucose addition in enhancing nitrogen content and retention.
  • To explore the impact of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of microalgae with varying glucose concentrations.
  • Optimization of HTC processing temperatures.
  • Characterization using analytical techniques to confirm chemical structure and nitrogen content.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high nitrogen content (>7 wt%) in synthesized carbons from microalgae (11 wt% initial).
  • Demonstrated enhanced nitrogen fixation with increasing glucose addition, suggesting Maillard reactions.
  • Confirmed formation of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles (e.g., pyrroles).
  • Higher HTC temperatures increased carbon aromatization and formed condensed nitrogen functional groups (pyridinic, quaternary).

Conclusions:

  • A sustainable and effective one-step route for nitrogen-doped carbons using microalgae and glucose was established.
  • Glucose addition significantly improves nitrogen incorporation and retention through co-condensation reactions.
  • Hydrothermal carbonization parameters, particularly temperature, effectively tune the nitrogen content and chemical structure of the resulting carbons.