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Function of serum complement in drinking water arsenic toxicity.

Laila N Islam1, M Shamim Hasan Zahid, A H M Nurun Nabi

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Journal of Toxicology
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
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Arsenic toxicity from drinking water impairs serum complement function, reducing its ability to fight bacteria. This study highlights the impact of arsenic exposure on the immune system.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a global health concern.
  • Arsenic toxicity can affect various organ systems, including the immune system.
  • The complement system plays a crucial role in innate immunity and pathogen clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the function of serum complement in individuals exposed to arsenic through drinking water.
  • To investigate the relationship between arsenic exposure levels and complement system activity.
  • To determine the impact of arsenic toxicity on specific complement components (C3, C4) and immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples were collected from 125 subjects with arsenic toxicity and unexposed controls.
  • Complement bactericidal activity was assessed.
  • Levels of complement components (C3, C4) and IgG were measured.
  • Arsenic levels in drinking water and urine were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Mean complement bactericidal activity was significantly reduced in arsenic-exposed subjects (92%) compared to controls (99%).
  • Elevated C4 levels suggested underutilization and potential impairment of the classical complement pathway.
  • Mean IgG levels were significantly elevated in arsenic patients (24.3 g/L).
  • A direct correlation was observed between C3 levels and bactericidal activity in arsenic patients.

Conclusions:

  • Drinking water arsenic toxicity leads to reduced serum complement function.
  • Arsenic exposure may compromise the immune system's ability to combat infections.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the long-term immunological consequences of arsenic toxicity.