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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Published on: September 27, 2020

Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity.

Steven K Kapp1, Kristen Gillespie-Lynch, Lauren E Sherman

  • 1Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. kapp@ucla.edu

Developmental Psychology
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The neurodiversity movement views autism as an identity, not a condition needing a cure. Research shows overlap between this view and the medical model, suggesting common ground for autism research and support.

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • The neurodiversity movement reframes autism as an identity, contrasting with the medical model's focus on cure.
  • Understanding perceptions of autism across different stakeholder groups is crucial for research and practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the perceived conflict between the medical model and neurodiversity movement regarding autism.
  • To assess how autistic individuals, their relations, and others conceptualize autism and neurodiversity.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey distributed to 657 participants, including autistic individuals, their relatives/friends, and others.
  • Analysis of conceptions of autism and neurodiversity based on self-identification and awareness levels.

Main Results:

  • Self-identifying as autistic and high neurodiversity awareness correlated with viewing autism as a positive identity.
  • Substantial overlap exists between medical and neurodiversity approaches, with no differences in recognizing negative aspects or supportive parenting.

Conclusions:

  • Autism may be understood as a deficit-as-difference, representing a valid pathway of human diversity.
  • Findings suggest potential common ground for autism research and practice, integrating diverse perspectives.