Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to Alcántara Montero: Towards a unified paradigm: chronic pain and functional somatic disorders.

Pain·2026
Same author

Hemispherectomy in infants: an institutional experience with 21 patients.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics·2026
Same author

The Soul of Pediatric Neurosurgery: Wellness as a Path to Purpose.

Pediatric neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Human Neocortical Glutamatergic Neurons Revealed Through Multimodal Profiling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developmental relationships between the human alpha rhythm and intrinsic neural timescales are dependent on neural hierarchy.

Journal of neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Can the pain field learn from the functional somatic disorder field?

Pain·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Nonprogrammable and programmable cerebrospinal fluid shunt valves: a 5-year study.

Timothy J Hatlen1, David B Shurtleff, John D Loeser

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nonprogrammable valves (NPVs) demonstrated superior long-term survival compared to programmable valves (PVs) in pediatric hydrocephalus patients. This retrospective study found NPVs had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate, suggesting their potential benefit in managing hydrocephalus.

More Related Videos

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Programmable valves (PVs) are increasingly used for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting, often replacing nonprogrammable valves (NPVs).
  • Limited long-term comparative studies exist, with only one prior study favoring NPVs for pediatric hydrocephalus.
  • The effectiveness and longevity of these valve types require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the long-term survival rates of programmable valves (PVs) and nonprogrammable valves (NPVs) in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus.
  • To evaluate the durability and effectiveness of different shunt valve designs in a pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CSF shunt insertions and revisions between 2000 and 2008.
  • Inclusion of patients with a minimum of 2 years postoperative follow-up.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariate analyses.

Main Results:

  • A total of 616 valves were implanted (313 PVs, 303 NPVs).
  • The 5-year survival proportion for NPVs (45.8%) was significantly higher than for PVs (19.8%) (p = 0.0005).
  • NPVs surviving beyond 6 months also showed better 5-year survival compared to PVs (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Data suggest nonprogrammable valves (NPVs) exhibit longer survival than programmable valves (PVs) in pediatric hydrocephalus management.
  • Further prospective, case-control studies are warranted to validate these findings.
  • The study highlights the importance of valve selection for long-term shunt efficacy in children.