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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Published on: October 3, 2018

Adults with autism spectrum disorders.

Patricia Howlin1, Philippa Moss

  • 1Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England. Patricia.howlin@kcl.ac.uk

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) face significant disadvantages in employment, social connections, and overall quality of life. More research is urgently needed on effective interventions and long-term outcomes for this population.

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Adult Psychiatry
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) were first described in the 1940s, with significant research advances in childhood diagnosis, causation, and treatment.
  • Research on prognosis, outcomes, and interventions for adults with ASDs remains notably limited compared to pediatric research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing studies on the outcomes of individuals with ASDs in adulthood.
  • To highlight the significant disadvantages faced by adults with ASDs and the lack of targeted interventions.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding mid-late adulthood outcomes and the need for longitudinal research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published studies focusing on adult outcomes in autism spectrum disorders.
  • Analysis of data concerning employment, social relationships, health, and quality of life in adults with ASDs.
  • Identification of research limitations, particularly concerning older adult populations and intervention effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Many adults with ASDs, including those with average IQ, experience significant disadvantages in employment, social relationships, physical and mental health, and quality of life.
  • There is a general lack of societal integration support and minimal research on effective adult intervention programs.
  • Current outcome research predominantly focuses on younger adults (20s-30s), with limited data on mid-late adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ASDs require more effective interventions and societal support to improve their quality of life and integration.
  • Longitudinal, systematic follow-up studies from childhood through adulthood are essential for understanding developmental trajectories and prognostic factors.
  • Future research should focus on identifying modifiable factors to enhance long-term outcomes for individuals with ASDs across the lifespan.