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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy.

Knud Gentz1, Klaus Wandelt

  • 1Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.

Chimia
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) offers atomic-level imaging of solid-liquid interfaces. This technique reveals surface structure and reaction dynamics, influenced by electrode potential.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization
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Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization

Published on: July 12, 2016

Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy
10:53

Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy

Published on: July 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Solid-liquid interfaces are crucial in electrochemical processes.
  • Atomic-level understanding of these interfaces has been challenging.
  • Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (EC-STM) emerged as a key technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the capabilities of EC-STM for solid-liquid interface analysis.
  • To demonstrate EC-STM's utility in studying surface structure and reaction dynamics.
  • To showcase EC-STM's application in observing various surface phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • In situ real-space imaging of electrode surfaces at the atomic level.
  • Utilizing Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (EC-STM).
  • Observing clean metal surfaces, thin metal layers, adsorbed anions, and organic cations.

Main Results:

  • EC-STM provides unprecedented atomic-level insights into electrode surfaces.
  • The technique visualizes adsorption of different species, including anions and cations.
  • Electrode potential significantly impacts surface structure and reactivity, as evidenced by EC-STM observations.

Conclusions:

  • EC-STM is a powerful tool for investigating solid-liquid interfaces.
  • It enables detailed study of surface structure, dynamics, and reactions.
  • EC-STM observations correlate electrode potential with surface properties.