Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heterologous saRNA prime - multivalent protein boost strategy induces broad and durable immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs in Chronic Long COVID.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Chimeric hemagglutinin-based universal influenza mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity and bone marrow plasma cells in rhesus macaques.

Cell reports. Medicine·2025
Same author

A Multi-Antigen Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Vaccine Induces Potent and Durable Cross-Protection Against Infection and Disease Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Research square·2025
Same author

A pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine bearing conserved and asymptomatic B- and T-cell epitopes protects against highly pathogenic Delta and highly transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2025
Same journal

Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant vaccine S-268024 booster vaccination versus NVX-CoV2373: Interim results from a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, observer-blind, active-controlled study.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

Safety and immunogenicity of a reduced, homologous booster dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a single blind, randomized, non-inferiority follow-up trial.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel in Europe, 2026.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

A historical overview of the anti-vaccine movement and its public health implications.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

Vaccine strategies and development before and during the 1968 H3N2 influenza pandemic.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

Influence of correlated vaccination behaviors on estimates of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in older adults - VISION network, October 2023 - March 2024.

Vaccine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
12:09

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

RNA-based vaccines.

Jeffrey B Ulmer1, Peter W Mason, Andrew Geall

  • 1Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jeffrey.ulmer@novartis.com

Vaccine
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation nucleic acid vaccines using RNA show promise, overcoming limitations of DNA and viral vector vaccines. These advanced vaccines offer a safer, more potent alternative for future human immunization strategies.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
10:58

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
12:09

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
10:58

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid vaccines (DNA, viral vectors, RNA) offer potential advantages over traditional live-attenuated vaccines.
  • Plasmid DNA and viral vector vaccines have demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in trials but face challenges in potency and repeated administration.
  • RNA vaccines present a promising alternative, potentially overcoming the limitations of DNA and viral vector platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of nucleic acid vaccine technologies for next-generation vaccine development.
  • To compare the advantages and limitations of DNA, viral vector, and RNA vaccine platforms.
  • To assess the current status and future prospects of RNA-based vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for DNA and viral vector vaccines.
  • Analysis of the technological advancements and challenges in RNA vaccine development (mRNA, self-amplifying RNA).
  • Assessment of manufacturing feasibility and commercial viability of RNA vaccines.

Main Results:

  • DNA vaccines have shown safety but lacked sufficient human potency.
  • Viral vector vaccines face limitations due to anti-vector immunity, hindering repeated use.
  • RNA vaccines have demonstrated proof of concept in humans and are addressing manufacturing challenges.

Conclusions:

  • RNA vaccines, including mRNA and self-amplifying RNA, are poised to overcome limitations of DNA and viral vector vaccines.
  • Ongoing efforts in manufacturing are enhancing the commercial viability of RNA vaccines.
  • RNA vaccines represent a highly promising and encouraging platform for future vaccine development and widespread human use.