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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria
08:34

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2021

Small RNAs in streptococci.

Anaïs Le Rhun1, Emmanuelle Charpentier

  • 1The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden.

RNA Biology
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Streptococci use small RNAs (sRNAs) for gene regulation, impacting adaptation and virulence. This review summarizes current knowledge on streptococcal sRNAs, highlighting their diverse roles and mechanisms.

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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
10:18

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: April 25, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Streptococci cause severe human diseases, relying on gene regulation for survival and infection.
  • Small RNAs (sRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators in bacterial gene expression.
  • Streptococcal genomes encode numerous sRNAs, with some, like CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), crucial for virulence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on sRNA-mediated gene regulation in streptococci.
  • To highlight the known functions and mechanisms of streptococcal sRNAs.
  • To identify gaps in understanding and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on streptococcal sRNAs.
  • Analysis of genome-wide screens identifying streptococcal sRNAs.
  • Examination of characterized sRNA mechanisms, including trans-acting sRNAs (FasX), trans-acting CRISPR RNAs (tracrRNA), and CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs).

Main Results:

  • Streptococci utilize multiple sRNAs for adaptation and virulence.
  • Identified sRNAs target mRNA (FasX), other sRNAs (tracrRNA), and DNA (crRNA).
  • The understanding of sRNA regulatory networks in streptococci is still limited.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcal sRNAs play critical roles in bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of the numerous predicted streptococcal sRNAs.
  • Future studies will likely uncover novel regulatory roles and complex networks involving these sRNAs.