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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury
09:41

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury

Published on: April 24, 2015

Spinal cord compression.

Eduardo Santamaria Carvalhal Ribas1, David Schiff

  • 1University of Virginia Neuro-Oncology Center, Box 800432, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0432, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a critical neuro-oncologic emergency. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, including corticosteroids, radiation, and surgery, are vital for improving patient neurologic outcomes.

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

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Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury
09:41

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury

Published on: April 24, 2015

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
07:00

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Malignant epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a frequent neuro-oncologic emergency associated with significant morbidity.
  • Delayed diagnosis of MESCC, even with MRI availability, often leads to irreversible myelopathy.
  • Neurologic status at treatment initiation is the primary predictor of outcomes in MESCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for malignant epidural spinal cord compression.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely intervention in managing MESCC.
  • To discuss the roles of corticosteroids, surgery, and radiation in treating MESCC.

Main Methods:

  • Initial management involves high-dose corticosteroids for patients with suspected MESCC and neurologic deficits.
  • Definitive treatment integrates radiation therapy and, in select cases, surgical intervention.
  • Treatment decisions consider patient performance status, disease extent, spinal stability, tumor radiosensitivity, and degree of compression.

Main Results:

  • Surgical intervention with spinal stabilization may improve outcomes for patients with spinal instability or radioresistant tumors.
  • Conventional radiation therapy is beneficial post-surgery and for non-surgical candidates.
  • Stereotactic body radiation therapy shows promise for radioresistant tumors and patients with prior radiotherapy, post-decompression.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of corticosteroids are crucial for mitigating neurologic damage in MESCC.
  • Multimodal treatment combining surgery and/or radiation, tailored to individual patient and tumor factors, optimizes outcomes.
  • Advanced radiation techniques like SBRT offer new therapeutic avenues for specific MESCC patient populations.