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Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

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Published on: November 30, 2021

Archaeology as a social science.

Michael E Smith1, Gary M Feinman, Robert D Drennan

  • 1School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85298, USA. mesmith9@asu.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Advanced archaeology offers sophisticated insights into social science debates. Multiscalar studies reveal long-term human societal changes in settlements, markets, states, and living standards.

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeology, Social Sciences

Background:

  • Archaeology has evolved significantly due to methodological and theoretical advancements.
  • It now tackles complex social science questions with enhanced sophistication.

Observation:

  • Multiscalar archaeological studies globally yield extensive data.
  • This data offers unique insights into pre-modern human societies, behavior, and institutions.
  • Key areas examined include settlements, markets, states, and living standards.

Findings:

  • Archaeological data reveals diverse long-term societal changes.
  • Human settlements, market and state roles, and living standards varied significantly across history.
  • Alternative pathways to societal complexity are evident under different ecological and demographic conditions.

Implications:

  • Archaeology provides a crucial deep-time perspective on social science issues.
  • Understanding past societal dynamics informs contemporary social and economic debates.
  • Comparative studies highlight how common processes manifest under varied historical contexts.