Idiopathic neuropathy: new paradigms, new promise

Idiopathic neuropathy, now designated as chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP), is a major public health problem in the United States. The disorder affects an estimated 5-8 million Americans, comprising about one-third of patients with neuropathy, based on data from referral centers. Typically, patients develop symptoms in the sixth decade or older. The onset is insidious, with numbness, paresthesias, and pain appearing over months to years. Although strength is generally preserved, the sensory loss and pain can be disabling. The clinical approach to this condition has evolved in important ways over the years, enabling improved diagnosis and characterization of this population. Current work has focused on identifying modifiable risk factors that may be associated with idiopathic neuropathy. The results may suggest that an underlying mechanism such as oxidative stress contributes to the development of CIAP.