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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...

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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Induction of Right Ventricular Failure by Pulmonary Artery Constriction and Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Mice

Induction of Right Ventricular Failure by Pulmonary Artery Constriction and Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Mice

Published on: May 13, 2019

Right ventricular failure after cardiac surgery.

Gus J Vlahakes¹

¹Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, COX630, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA. vlahakes.gus@mgh.harvard.edu

Cardiology Clinics

|May 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Right ventricular failure is a significant challenge in cardiac surgery. Optimizing systemic pressure is key to improving right ventricular function by supporting both the free wall and septum.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiac Surgery
Physiology

Background:

Right ventricular (RV) failure is a critical issue in cardiac surgery, especially after heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation.
RV function depends on contributions from both the free wall and the interventricular septum.

Purpose of the Study:

To present strategies for managing the pulmonary circulation and optimizing RV function.
To highlight the importance of optimizing developed systemic pressure for RV function.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental studies on RV function.
Discussion of clinical management techniques for RV failure.

Main Results:

RV function is influenced by the free wall and interventricular septum.
Optimizing developed systemic pressure is crucial for enhancing RV function.

Conclusions:

Effective management of RV failure requires addressing RV afterload and optimizing both components of RV function.
Strategies for managing pulmonary circulation and RV function in diverse clinical scenarios are discussed.