Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Postnatal Piezo1 deletion alters collagen fibril architecture in mouse Achilles tendon.

Matrix biology plus·2026

Same author

Three-dimensional observation of the muscle-tendon integration process in mouse embryos.

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists·2026

Same author

Integrated mapping of human meniscus and cartilage eQTLs reveals shared and distinct osteoarthritis genetic drivers.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Stage- and cluster-specific regulation of chondrogenic gene programs by Sox9 in mouse embryonic limb buds.

iScience·2026

Same author

Single-nucleus transcriptional and chromatin accessibility analyses of maturing mouse Achilles tendon uncover the molecular landscape of tendon stem/progenitor cells.

eLife·2026

Same author

The Meeting Report on the VIIth International Workshop on SOX Transcription Factors.

Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

[miRNAs in cartilage development].

Hiroshi Asahara¹

¹Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.

Clinical Calcium

|May 3, 2012

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRs), small RNA molecules, are crucial for cartilage health. Reduced miR-140 levels in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes indicate their role in cartilage development and homeostasis.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Context:

MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding RNA molecules with tissue-specific expression.
miR-140 is notably expressed in chondrocytes, the cells responsible for cartilage maintenance.
Decreased miR-140 levels are observed in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes.

Purpose:

To investigate the role of microRNAs, specifically miR-140, in cartilage homeostasis.
To understand the implications of altered miR-140 expression in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Summary:

miR-140, a chondrocyte-specific microRNA, shows reduced expression in OA chondrocytes.
Experimental knockdown of miR-140 in mice chondrocytes exacerbates arthritis.
These findings highlight the critical role of miRs in cartilage development and maintaining tissue balance.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Published on: October 21, 2015

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Published on: October 21, 2015

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Impact:

MicroRNAs are essential regulators of cartilage development and homeostasis.
Dysregulation of miRs like miR-140 may contribute to osteoarthritis progression.
Further research into miRs could reveal novel therapeutic targets for cartilage diseases.