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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

[Estrogen actions on osteocytes].

Shino Kondoh1, Yuuki Imai

  • 1University of Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|May 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteocytes plays a crucial role in maintaining bone mass. Our findings suggest osteocytic ERα signaling is vital for bone protection, offering new insights into estrogen

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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Context:

  • Estrogen is critical for bone mass maintenance, primarily by inhibiting bone resorption.
  • Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone, are increasingly recognized for their role in sensing mechanical loads and regulating bone metabolism.
  • Estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteocytes is implicated in adaptive bone responses.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the specific role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling within osteocytes in maintaining bone mass.
  • To elucidate the osteoprotective functions of ERα in the context of osteocyte biology and response to mechanical stimuli.

Summary:

  • Recent findings indicate that osteocytic ERα signaling contributes to bone protection.
  • Our research suggests that reduced osteocytic ERα function leads to decreased bone mass, highlighting its osteoprotective role.
  • The study integrates recent advancements in understanding osteocyte function with the known effects of estrogen on bone.

Impact:

  • Provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogen protects bone, specifically through osteocytic ERα.
  • May inform therapeutic strategies targeting osteocyte-specific estrogen signaling for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
  • Contributes to a comprehensive understanding of estrogen's multifaceted actions on skeletal health.