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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

MicroRNA Involvement in Osteosarcoma.

Eisuke Kobayashi¹, Francis J Hornicek, Zhenfeng Duan

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

|May 3, 2012

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in osteosarcoma (OS) development and progression. This review explores their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this common bone cancer.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults.
Despite advances, a comprehensive understanding of OS molecular mechanisms, including tumorigenesis, progression, chemoresistance, and metastasis, remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of microRNA (miRNA) roles in osteosarcoma (OS).
To highlight the potential of miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OS.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current research on miRNAs in osteosarcoma.
Analysis of miRNA expression profiles and their association with cancer properties.
Discussion of challenges in translating miRNA-based therapeutics.

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MeRIP-qPCR Assay for Detecting m6A Modification Levels of Specific RNA in Osteosarcoma Cells

MeRIP-qPCR Assay for Detecting m⁶A Modification Levels of Specific RNA in Osteosarcoma Cells

Published on: December 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

MeRIP-qPCR Assay for Detecting m6A Modification Levels of Specific RNA in Osteosarcoma Cells

MeRIP-qPCR Assay for Detecting m⁶A Modification Levels of Specific RNA in Osteosarcoma Cells

Published on: December 30, 2025

Main Results:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved noncoding RNAs regulating multiple targets, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
Specific miRNA expression patterns are linked to the biological and clinical characteristics of cancers, including OS.
miRNAs and their target genes show promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for cancer.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in osteosarcoma (OS) pathogenesis.
Further research into miRNAs could lead to improved diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic interventions for OS.
Addressing challenges is crucial for the clinical translation of miRNA-based therapies in OS.